Pedal tones, also known simply as pedals, are a musical technique where a single note is sustained or repeated continuously in the bass while the chords or harmonies above it change. This persistent bass note acts like a “pedal” that holds the musical foundation steady, hence the name.
The use of pedal tones creates tension primarily because the harmony above the sustained note often shifts in ways that don’t perfectly align or “resolve” with that pedal note. For example, if the pedal tone is a low G, and the chords above move from G major to C major, the ongoing G in the bass can suddenly clash or sound dissonant with the new harmonies. This dissonance generates a feeling of suspense or instability.
Composers and arrangers use pedal tones to add drama, emphasize a mood, or create a build-up toward a resolution. When the pedal finally resolves—either by changing note or ending—it releases the tension in a satisfying way for the listener. This technique is common in classical music, jazz, and various popular music genres as a creative way to manipulate harmonic anticipation and emotional impact.
In summary, pedal tones are repeated or sustained bass notes that create tension by sticking around through changing harmonies, setting the stage for dynamic musical moments that capture and hold the listener’s attention.
